and the like and method of and apparatus for making the same



Y .1652; L.BILLE PIPE, TUBEfANb THE LIKE. AND METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING SAME originai Fi e i April 24, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEY I I Re.

Jan 4 1927 BILLE PIPE, TUBE, AND THE LIKE AND METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME Original Filed April 24, 19 22 Sheets-Sheet 2 kw a W I 0% ATTORNEY Jan. 4 1927.

v L. 'BILLE PIPE, TUBE, AND THE LIKE AND METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME Original Filed April 24, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheep 5 I w'ron BY 01% ATTORNEY 45 I etc., in a hot molten asphalt, or by pouring,

named Jan. 4. 1927.

I Re. 16,523

PATENT oFF cE.

I UNITED STATES LEOI-T BILLE, or noem-svn-mn, rmcn.

Pius, TUBES, in run 1.11m AND HE'IHQD or AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING! am.

Original No. 1,499.718, dated July 1, 1824, Serial No. 556.281, filed April 24, 1922. Application for reislue filed January 26, 1826. Serial No. 88.868.

This invention has for its subject-matter a method of making pipes, tubes and the l ke of asphalt and reinforced cement, saidcement being in some cases obtained by melting.

The invention is clearly illustrated 1n the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view of one form of tube constructed in accordance with the improved method;

Fi 2 is a fragmentary transverse sectiona l view illustrating the steps of applyin" and rolling the outer layer of asphalt;

, ig. 3 is a fragmentary elevational view of a mandrel with gaging rollers thereon;

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view of a modified form of pipe in the process;

Fig. 5 is an elev-ational detail of one section of a sectional mould forming a pipe in accordance with the improved process;

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view through a sectional pipe in the course of construction;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary longitudinal 'sectional view nartly in elevation of the same form; I I Y Fig. 8 is a top plan detail of a wire winding mechanism;

1 Fig. 9 is a longitudinal an improved pipe section;

Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional detail of a longitudinally disposed reinforcing rod;

Fig. 11 is a plan detail thereof;

Fig. 12 is an elevational view partly in section of the apparatus for carrying out the improved method forming the pipe construction shown in Fig. 1; and

Fig. .'1 3- -is a transverse sectional view thereof.

A tube, Figure" 1. of asphalt. bitumen or other analogous" material is first formed round an extensib'fi mandrelor core 1, or round a light conical' lihbe l eitherby dipping the mandrel or conipreviouslv covered with. a sheet of paper impregnate or saturated with asphalt, bitumen shale oil, tar,

applying or spreading one or more than one layer of molten asphalton or round the. said mandrel or core, or by rolling themandrel or core on a layer of asphalt previously spread on aplatform heated to a suitab e temperature by steam. hot water, gas burners or by any other suitable means. On rolling the mandrel or core on the asto obtain the desired thickness.

sectional view ofphalt the latter adheres to the said mandrel or core and the joint may be smoothed over or made good by means of a hot iron with or without the useof asphalt. A preliminary or first layer or thickness of molten asphalt mastic containing limestone, sand, etc., maybe poured or spread on the mandrel or core; or a preliminary or first layer of hot powdered asphalt or a first or preliminary layer of hot asphaltic concrete com osed of small fragments or pieces of porp iyry, flint, etc.,

sand and asphalt. The powdered asphalt or the concrete is rammed and smoothed by means of suitable hot or cold tools in order This first layer of powdered asphalt or asphaltic concrete adheres only very slightly to the paper or to the isolating material placed on the mandrel or core. According to the proportion of asphalt in the mixture, the isolating material may be dispensed with. A second layer of asphalt richer in bitumen is subsequently applied on the first layer, the whole is then subject to rolling or is rolled if so desired on a platform 8, Figure 3, which if desired may be heated the thickness being.- gauged by means of rings 9 of suitable form which rlngs are mounted on the ends of the mandrel or core.

If so desired a single water tight layer of asphalt may be used. The rolling may be replaced by a smoothing or fairing action by means of 'a suitable tool or tools which may be hot or cold. Any suitable number of iron or steel bars or rods 3 are placed at suitableintervals apart round the asphalt tube 2,

Figure 1, these bars or rods being arranged parallel to the axis of the tube. For this purpose the bars or rods have been previously ,engage(l in loops or eyes suitably spaced apart on small transversely arranged lI'OIl wires. By subsequently attaching or conn'cting t e ends of the wiresextending round the tubes, the bars orrods may be positioned round the'said tube by a single movement. These longitudinal bars or rods form the framework or skeleton of the tube during construction. The asphalt tube fitted with these bars or rods is then rolled on a heated platform on which is spread a layer of hard stone fragments such as flint, porphyry, quartz or corundum, lava or quarrystone, coke; scoria or clinker etc. 4, Figure 1. These materials previously heated may be Bil ' spread and applied on the tube either by cooling,

.hand or by meansof the ap aratus illustrated in Figures 12 and 13. The gravel or pieces of stone thus heated partly penetrate into the exterior of the asphalt tube 2 between the longitudinal steel bars or rods and adhere strongly to the asphalt after and as care has been taken to add an additionalring 9, Figure'3, to. the end of the mandrel or core so as to increase the thickness of auge, or to replace the ring or rings which has or have already served as a gauge for the thickness of the asphalt, by

' other rings adapted to give the desired thick-. ness, a tube of asphalt'containing ravel or stones may thus be formed by rol ing, the exterior surface of the tube being of a perfectly cylindrical form. Cooling is now effected by watering. The thickness gauging rings are now changed or a different thickness: of rings 9 is added and the tube is placed on two cradles each comprising two rollers 12, Figure 4, with or without ball bearings, the thickness gauging rin s for the tube bearing on these rollers. T e

rin 9-for this urpose may be provided wit a peripheral y extending groove or recess 10, Figure 3, in which the rollers engage. The tube .is then turned by hand with a crank ora hand wheel, or mechanically as shown in Figure 8, and an iron or steel wire 5 is wound thereon-from above, the section and the distance apart of the turns or convolutions of the wire being'determined so as to resist the interior pressure which the tube avill have to support. g

After winding of the steel or iron wire 5, a first layer of pure cement or of thin cement mortar, that is to say, of a very fluid consistency, isapplied on the tube, or by immersion of the tube in a bath of purecement or of very fluid cement mortar. The tube now somewhatmoist is then rolled on a platform provided with a layer of cement mixed dry with sand' or on a layer of cement mortar 6 mixed to a very firm consistency. The cement mortar adheres to the turns or convolutions of the helically wound steel or iron wire and to the gravel or small stones or pebbles and penetrates into the interstices and the empty s aces of the material right up to the layer 0 asphalt. The thickness of the layer of mortar and the almost perfect exterior cylindricity of the tube are strictly determined by the gauging rings. The mortar for a short time is allowed to set, then the rings 9 are removed and the mandrel or the tube 1 which has served as a core is withdrawn. The interior layer of asphalt hardens or sets very quickly by cooling while the stones are watered and t e casing is rolled in cement mortar. The removal of the mandrel or core can be effected'very quickly. The layer of cement mortar may also be previously spread on a rubberized sheet, or on a piece of linoleum or on a sheet 7, Figure 2, of any suitable flexible material and by rolling the tube provided with stones or gravel and wire w1ndings;,o n the said layer of cement mortar the sheet 7 guides the cement mortar and facilitates the adherence thereofround the tube. Theaforesaid sheet is withdrawn as soon as the mortar becomes self-adherent to the tube. The tube provided with stones or gravel and wire winding may again be enveloped with the aforesaid sheet and rolled on the platform .8 or it may be subjected-to the rolling actionv of a cylinder I 13, Figure .4.

Instead of directl placing the longitudinal steel bars or re s 3 on the asphalt tube, before positioning or laying the gravel or stories 4, the as halt tube with the mandrel or core provi ed with suitable thickness gauging rings, may be rolled on a heated platform having spread thereon a layer of gravel or stones; or again, whilst the mandrel or core is supported through the thickness gauging rings on the rollers 12, Figure 4, the gravel or stones in a hot condition may be spread on or applied to the asphalt tube either by hand or with the apparatus shown in Figures 12 and 13. The heat thereof partly melts the asphalt so that the gravel or stones become embedded or sink into the asphalt and they adhere strongly thereto on cooling. The massis then watered and a preliminary orfirst layer of cement mortar 11, Figure 4, is applied on the gravel or 1 stones and the cement mortar is caused to penetrate into the spacesbetween the gravel particles and the stones right up to the layer of asphalt. The layer of mortar is now rolled ona platform or table or the said layer of mortar is subjected to rolling by the roller 13, Figure 4, .or by the apparatus shown in Figures 12 and 13 so as to make the layer uniform. Then the'longitudinal bars or rods 3 forming the skeleton or framework previously attached at suitable distances apart to the transverse iron wires are placed in position and the said wires are then disposed round the pipe. A new layer of cement mortar of a very firm consistenc is applied between the bars or rods 3, whic 1 layer may be rolled or subjected to rolling.

If necessary, this layer of mortar is allowed to set then the steel wire 5 is wound there-' on by hand, or mechanically, the convolu- I tions or turns of the helically woundwire forming the constructive guide ribs or equivalent of the pipe.

Another layer 6 of the mortar cement is subsequently applied. either by rolling or otherwise as by hand. A further number of bars or rods such as 3 may obviously be placed in position thereon then a layer 6 of cement mortar, and then a further layer of wire winding which may be covered with a layer of cement mortar and this may be rolled or subjected to rolling so'that' the tube may be continuously reinforced in this 'manner with barsor rods 3 and helicallv wound wire, successively encased in ajlayer of cement mortar in order to impart the'desired or necessary resistance to the tube. Additional or further layers of asphalt and gr'avel may if so desired be interposed between the layers of reinforced cement.

During various operations, the thick ness gauging rings 9 are changed to meet reqmrements or, new rings are added there- 'to in order that the roller 13 (ore-the platform or table 8) rolling on thesejrings may carefully gauge the thickness of the different layer of cement mortar and thus ensure perfect centering of the helicall'y disposed wires or constructive guide ribs of the pipe as well as the almost perfect cylindricity 'of the exterior surface of the finished pipe or tube. The apparatus shown in Figures 12 and 13 may be used for the application of the hot gravel and cementmortar.

.The mandrel or core is withdrawn as soon as the pipe or tube has set sufficiently to prevent radial distortion thereof, that 1s to say,

sufiiciently hard to prevent the tube or pipe bepoming oval instead of remaining cylindrica If desired use may be made of a brush heated by-electricit or other suitablemeans which maintains t e asphalt in a hot condition during the s reading 0 eration. This spread may be use to spread t e single layer of pure asphalt or an asphalt rich in bitumen on' the mandrel where one layer only of asphalt is used; or the said brush may be used to spread the second layer of asphalt on the first thickness of powdered asphalt or of asphaltic concrete in the case where the tube is formed'of several layers.

- In order that the longitudinal bars or rods forming the skeleton or framework or constructive ribs of the pipe or tube -may be readily and quickly placed in position round the asphalt core with or without gravel and cement mortar the following arrangement may be used. The ends of. bars45. of a suitable diameter are secured in and along 1 round each bar.

the length of a beam 44, Figure 10, the said bars being spaced the same distance apart as the uide ribs when subsequentlyplaced round t e. ipe or tube. A wire 46 of soft iron or mid steel is assed round the ends of the bars so as to orm a loop or eye 47 x The wires 46 are withdrawn and they are then threaded or slipped onto the bars 48 which form the constructive ribs of the pi e or tube, Figure 11. A

v metallic frame s own partly in Figure 11 is thus obtained which frame in one piece is placed roundthe core. 'A metallic sheet, Figure 11,"can thus be obtained by placing the parallel bars in holes or. slots suitably spaced 'apart according to requirements and engaging the loops or eyes 47 directly withthe bars. ,By oining andattaching the ends of the wires 46, it will be possible to secure all the bars orconstrlu'tive ribs round the core at one movement.-

Instead of making the interior asphalt tube provided with gravel/or-stones in one piece and longitudinal bars encased in cement mortar, the following method may be adopted more ecpecially for pipes or tubes of large diameters.

A sheet of paper impregnated or sat uratcd with asphalt, bitumen, shale oil. tar, etc., is

placed in moulds or formers 14. Figure 5,

disposed horizontally, the curvature of the said moulds o'r formers corresponding to the curvature of the pipe or tube to be formed.

A first layer 2 of asphalt mastic, or else hot calcareous asphalt. crushed .or broken is applied and rammed, orasphaltic concrete inadehot either by penetration of molten asphalt round the stones or by mixing in the hot condition asphalt, sand and stones or pebbles. Then a second layer of asphalt mastic richer in bitumen and dry is applied; or again a single watertight layer of asphalt mastic may be applied. This is smoothed w'th' a suitably curved wooden or iron tool 16, Figure 5, cold or heated electrically or by any other suitable .means; which tool is attached to a curved board 15, Figure 5, capable of sliding on the edges of the mould or former. 14. The thickness of the tool 16 is such as to give, a uniform thickness'to the asphalt 2. -The layer 2 of asphalt may be readily and simply smoothed with a tool of wood or hot or cold iron. Alayer of gravel (or hot stones) is subsequently spread on the asphalt, the gravel (or hot stones) penetrating into the asphalt. The mass is watered. and a; thin layer 17 of cement mortar is applied which fills up the spaces between the particles or stones right up to the layer of asphalt. The thickness of this layer of ceni ent mortar is gauged by means of a depth piece 16 attached to the curved member or board 15, Figure 5; On the cement mortar .is "placed a number of iron or steel bars 3, Figure 5, which form the framework or constructive ribs of the pipe or. tube to be formed. These bars are placed in the loops or eyes 47 of the transverse wires 46, which.

maintain them at suitable distances apart, Figure 11. The mould or former is then filledwith cement mortar 18 the thickness of which is carefully gauged by the curved member 15 slidably mounted on the edges of. The cast is removed;

the mould or former.

from the mould or former after setting. Arcuate segments or elements of the tube are thus obtained which are temporarily mounted 'and attached on two ordinary or extensible wheels 19, Figures 6 and 7 which are mounted on a rotatable shaft 21 support- 1' ed on uprights 22, either inthe factory or works or in situ at the place where the tubes or pipes are required.

\Vherc the construction of the pi s or "tubes requires the use of a trench tie up- 'e two wheels are provi ed with end rings or end discs 20; Figure 7, by which the thickness can be gau The asphalt mastic is run in, or the pow ered asphalt or the hot asphaltic concrete 23 is rammedin between the layer of asphalt or asphaltic concrete of two consecutive segments or elements by lacing a board or equivalent under the oint which board or equivalent is withdrawn after cooling. The asphalt run in or applied hot or the hot asphaltic concrete binds itself with that of the arcuate segments or elements and in order to ensure the tightness of the joint, 9. second layer of pure molten asphalt is run in if deemed desirable which may be smoothed over with a hot iron of suitable form. The asphalt joint is then covered with grave] or hot stones 24, Figure 6,-and a layer of cement mortar 26 is aplied on the layer 24 of gravel or hot stones,

.igure 6, a bar 25 of steel or iron bedded therein if so desired. The joint oi cement is made flush by means of a board or equivalent with the exterior surface of the arcuate segments or elements of the ipe or tube. The various operations of the on- .gitudinal joints between the arcuate 'segments or elements are always effected above the tube or pipe and the wheels 19 are turned gradually as required. The tube thus ormed by the assembly of the arcuate segments or elements is wound with iron or steel wire '5, Figure 7, the section and pitch of the turns or convolutions of the wire being previously determinedso as'to give the desired resistance to the pi e or tube. The aforesaid helical wire win ing may be effected by hand or mechanically as indicated in Figure 8. The tube or pipe is finished by the application thereto of a layer of cement mortar 6 which may be subjected to a rolling action by the cylinder 13 or by the apparatus, Figures 12 and 13, rolling or turning'on the thickness auging rings 20. The arcuate segments or e ements may be of any suitable or desired number. Another series of longitudinal. bars or constructive ribs and helically arranged wires may be superposed round the pipe or tube with as many layers of cement as desired, the thickness of the gauging rings being gradually changed to meet requirements or new rings being added as found most convenient; changing of the thickness gauging rings may be avoided by being emthe use of the apparatus shown in Fi ms 12 and 13 which permits of the severa laycrs of helical wire and layers ofu'cen'lcnt bc ing perfectly concentric. Further la ers of asphalt ma be interposed between t i: layers of rein; orced cement.

' When the tube or pipe is finished :and

the cement has set sufiiciently hard the"-.;ai1d

tube or pipe is shored up from below sons to wedge it in lace. Te spindle or shaft 21 is then with 'rawn likewise the thickness gauginq rings 20 one of which escapes or fallsofi by reason of the lay allowedfor the expansion of thejoint etween the preceding pipe or tube and the pipe or. tube which has ju-t been firiished The. extensible Wheels 19 are then removed and finally the uprights or trestle support. All these operations can be effected at the bottom of a hollow or-dug-o'ut trench the depth ofywhich is suflicient to allow the pipe or tube to be Y turned.

The cement mortar can also be applied round the tube or pipe formed by the arcuate segments or elements assembled round the wheels 19 where the manufacture is effected'outside of the trench, by rolling it on a platform provided with cement mortar with or without the aid of the sheet 7, Figure 2. Forthe construction of the asphalt idvance may be used, or felt impregnated 05 tube, sheets of cloth, jute, etc, prepared-tin;

with asphalt and macadamized or provided "i on one facewith gravel. pebbles or. stones may be used. The mandrel is surrounded 'with these sheets the smooth side being inof macadamized asphalt may be used for the interior lay of asphalt in the manufacture of arcuate segments or elements for tubes or pipes of large diameters. The sheets, of asphalt may evenbe prepared in advance with or without reinforcements,

macadamize them hot on one side'and bend or-shape them on the mandrel or me 11d.

them and join them at the junction as h..-reinbefore described. In certain special cases thcasphaltmastic as well as the'cement'mortar may have incorporated therein pumice stone or powder or. other light material in place of sand, so as to produce a lighter pipe or tube.

igure 8 shows the method of mechanically winding. the steel wire on the tubes or pipes 97 in accordance with the method hereinbefore described. On the thickness gauging ring 9 or 20 is secured a toothed wheel or a pulley 28,. ,A screw-threaded shaft 31 carries a pinion 29'actuated by a chain r a belt 30 passing round the wheel 28. A coil or reel 36 of steel wire is placed l the screw 31.

,on a platform or table 60 provided with a spindle or shaft 36'. A brake 61- is employed to modify the speed of the platform or table 60. The wire 37 passes between the jaws of a vice. 38 by means of which the desired tension can be given to the wire. This vice fixed on a carriage 50 sliding along This vice 38, is guided on two parallel barsor rods 39 and 40. A

toothed Wheel or pulley 32 is keyed on the other thickness gauging ring, which wheel or pulley is connected by achain or belt 33:

to apmion 34 keyed on the motor shaft 35 or other suitable power transmission device. The motor drives the tube 27 on the other wheel 28 of which effects the rotation of the handles, the rings and the extensible.

screwed spindle 31. The latter in its rotation causes the automatic advance of the carriage 50 and the vice 38 carried thereon duriug the winding of the wire 37 on the tube 27 into the form of a helical coil, the distance apart or the pitch of the convolutions or turns of the helical coil being deter mined by the speed in conjunction with the pitch of the threads on the screw-threaded spindle 31. A change speed gear 'box analo ous to that of parallel or slides lathes may be adapted for use with the aforesaid arrangement for winding the wire, so as to obtain the usual speeds and pitches by the simple manipulation of levers.

Whatever may-bethe method of manufacture of the tubes or .pipes hereinbefore described when these are finished and the cement mortar has completely set, very hot asphalt or a solution of cold asphalt is applied to th extremities 42 and the ends 43, or a sheet of smooth asphalt is carefully consolidated with the asphalt 2 of the interior tube so that on subsequently assembling the tubes between them, it may be necessary to make the joints on the asphalt 43 covering the ends of the tubes in order that the water conveyed by the tubes may be always in contact with the layer of dry asphalt covering the interior, the extremities and the ends of the tubes. I

' Figures 12 and 13 show the apparatus for the mechanical application of the hot gravel and the various layers of cement on the asphalt tube and reinforced cement previously described.

The thickness gauge rings 70 are each formed or provided with a recess 71 with which the rollers 72 engage. The rollers 72 are supported in bearmg' blocks carried onblocks 3 which are secured on a platform or table 7 4. Handles 75 of any suitable number are screw-threaded into the outer side of a .disc 76 rigidly secured to the gauging rings 70 and by means of the mandrel 77' rotated thereby can be slowly turned by hand or by a lever. I a

\Vhen the whole of the apparatus 79 is 'in place the rollers 80 ep in the 71 in-the gauging rings. e'e roller-shave a plain edge when the thickness gauging rings are provided with a slot. The said rollers are provided with a groove when they are intended for use with the thickneis gauging discs 20 or the like, the rid e side of the roller being disposed against t ierim of the disc when provided for use in the manufacture of tubes with arch-like segments or elements of asphalt and reinforced cement.

The apparatus is maintained against the thickness gauging rings by springs 100 secured to the upper ends of the supports 82.

The lower part of the apparatus 79 is further supported on the table 81 provided with a stop 101. The apparatus is formed by two sheet metal supports 82, Figure 12, in which vare fixed the spindles 83 of the rollers 80.

A cross beam 84 connects the two supports by means of angle irons or by means of a shaft 85. On this beam is placed a sheet of metal or a plate ,86 with two slits 87 by means of which the desired distance of the smoothing board can be controlled as desired by screws 88, Figure '12, which permit of the smoothing board being displaced into any desiredposition.

Another cross beam 89 is secured likewise between the two supports 82 by the same means as the beam 84. On this cross beam 89 is placed a sheet of metal or a plate 90 having two openings which permit of the displacement .or the adjustment. of the smoothing board to the desired position by the aid of screws. I

Above thetwo plates suitably adjusting 'screws may be provided and the inclination of the'U-shaped'cross beam which carries them may also be adjustable.

' Below the aforesaid crossbeams a screw 92 is adapted to be placed &in a guide .93 at the lower part of each support 82. Nuts 94 are provided with holes 95 and permit of the advancement or withdrawal of the screws. A shaft 96 carrying a cylinder 97 is supported at each side in the'ends of the v screws 92.

The action ofthe apparatus is as follows For the application of hot gravel, this avel is run in front of the plate 86 which is adjusted to a suitable distance and while turning the mandrel and the tube the gravel abuts against the rolling cylinder 97 adjusted to a suitable distance in such manner that all the particles. of the gravel or of the stones are rolled and havev their exterior face at a uniform distance from the axis of the tube or pipe.

For the application of cement mortar, this cement mortar 98 is run. in between the formed tube 78 and the plate 86 which is adjusted to any desired distance; This plate 86 forms a trowel throughout the length of the tube and by turning the mandrel the initial cost 0 consisting of applying a This method of manufacture of tubes presents many advantages which may be summed up as follows: Perfect fluid tightness under the highest pressures due to the interior asphalt wall as well as the asphalt applied on the extremities and theends; ex-' treme resistance due to the exterior wall of reinforced inent; perfect adhesion between the asphalt walls and the reinforced cement;

possibility of makingltubes of'all diameters anywhere even at the bottom of trenches which avoids the cost of transport and the handling of the tubes; suppression of bindingmaterial between the metallicskeleton or framework and the convolutions or turns "of the helically wound wire which form the constructive rlbs of the tubes; perfect centerin of the convolutions or turns of the heliywound wire; great uniformity of the tubes ensured b the thickness gauging rin great resistance to wear and tear due to life grains ofsand, limestoneor pieces of hard stone incor rated in the asphalt" mastic or the asphaltic concrete forming a covering analogous to that of roadways of asphalti c concrete; lastl considerable economy in material and working. Having thus fully described the invention what is claimed :s new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:--

1. The method of formin a concrete ipe ayer of asp alt about the core, arranging a, metallic reinforcement about the'layer, embedding-mineral aggregate between the reinforcement and into the layer, wrapping a wire about the aggregate and rein orcement to'retain the same, then dipping the product in a cementitious solution to bind the. wra ping reinforcement mineral aggregate and ayer,

and finallyapplying a layer of solid cementitious material about the binding. 2. The method of making reinforced concrate consisting in applying alayer of asp altabout a core, arran g a series of interconnected rods about tiib a or and parallel with'the axis of the core, em din mineral aggro to between the rods an about theasp alt'layer, wrapping a wire about the mineral a gate and rodsso .as to 'retainthe same, t en dipping the article ma solution of cementitious material to-bindf the wrapping mineral ag to and rods with the first layer, app ying a layer of rapidly. throug out the described method, and spaced pairs of rotatable rollers thereon, a core, a pair of gauging rings having 1 cold bond therebetween, whereb a solid reinforcement cementitious material about the binding outer layer;

3. A method as claimed in claim 2 including the step of temporarily applying gauging rings to the ends of'the core to insure of the production of a smooth even surface on the first asphalt la er.

4.1A method as claimed'in claim 1 including theste of applying an isolating material about t 1e core.

5. The method of forming concrete pipes consisting in applying an isolating material about a core, rolling molten asphalt, applying reinforcing rods about the asphalt layer, rolling the core over and finally smoothing the mineral aggregate to embed the same in the :aggregate and inner lafyer together and finally applying a layer 0 solid cementitious material about the binding.

6. A method as claimed in claim 5 including the additional step applying uging rings to-the ends of the core to e ect a smooth even application of the inner layer.

7 A method'as claimed in claim 5 including the additional step of extendin the outer end of the core and reversely fo ding it to envelop the terminals of the outer ayer.

8. Apparatus for c rrying out the herein comprising a platform,

recesses for engagement with the rollers on the platform, asecondary support a trowel, a smoothing board,

onthe support, su porting rollers on the secondary support or aging the recesses in the gauging. rings, a acking roller rearwardly of the smoothing ard, as and for the purposes set forth. 1 i 9. The method of manufactur' com d .of layers of asphalt cement, consisting in embedding'portions of a pluralit of fragmentary mineral blocks in and bon ing the portions so embedded-to the asphalt layer y means of a hot bond produced by heating and embedding said. blocks while'in heated condition, and embedding in a cement layer the portions of such mineral asphalt ls er,

articles the blocks and cement are co d to produce PES- the core through of temporarily means for adj ustably mounting the trowel and the smoothing heard sure-iesistinfiladherence between't 'e" b.0cks

arid the .asp pressure-resisting adherence between the locks and the cement layer on the other side are produced, and the asphalt and cealt layer on one side and a I gether by a pressure-resistant bond.

ment layers are anchored and bonded to-j 10. The method of manufacturing articles composed of layers of asphalt and cement, consisting in embedding portions of a plu ralit of fragmentary mineral blocks in and hen ing them to the asphalt layer by means of a hot bond reduced by heatin the mineral blocks su 'ciently' to 'melt t e asphalt adjacent to the portions of such blocks so embedded and embedding in acement layer the ortions of such mineral blocks extending eyond the asphalt layer, said embedding being accomplished while the blocks andcement are cold to produce a cold bond therebetween, thus to procure a thorough anchoring of the asphalt and cement layers to-' gather.

11. The method of manufacturin articles composed of layers of asphalt an cement consisting in heatin asphalt and forming a 7, layer thereof, partia y embedding "'whilethe layer of as halt is still hot :1 series of frag:

. mentary mlneral blocks heated to a suflicient "and bonded de ee to melt the asphalt adjacent thereto, an embedding in the cement layer the portions extending beyond the asphalt layer while the said block portions are in cold condition, whereby a pressure-resisting adherence between the blocks and the asphalt layer on one side and a pressure-resisting adherence between the blocks and the cement layer on the other side are produced and the asphalt and cement layers are anchored together by a pressure-resistant bond.

12. Themethod of manufacturing articles composed of layers of as halt and cement cons1sting in heating asp alt and forming a layer thereof, partially embedding while the layer of asphalt is still hot a series of fragmentary mineral blocks heated to a sufficient degree'to melt uplon suchembedding the asphalt adjacent t ereto, then wetting with water the projecting rtions of the blocks 'to cool the same an then embedding the projecting cooled portions ex tending beyond the asphalt layer in a layer of cement, whereby a ressure-resisting adherence between the b ocks and the asphalt layer on one side and a pressure-resisting adherence between the blocks and the cement layer on the other side are produced, and the asphalt and cement layers are anchored and bonded together by a pressureresistant bond.

13. An article of manufacture composed of a layer of asphalt and a'layer of cement connected together by fragmentary mineral blocks embedded partially in one layer, and

partially in the other, the blocks and the asphalt layer having ajstrong, pressure-resistant bond produced by heating the blocks to a temperature sufiicient to cause a melting of the asphalt adjacent to the embedded porbedding, and the -cemcnt layer and said blocks having a bond produced while both the cement layer'and blocks are in a cold state. 1 14. An articleof manufacture composed of a layer of asphalt and a layer of cement connected together by fragmentary mineral blocks embedded partially in one layer, and 'partially in the other, the blocks and the asphalt layer having astrong, pressure-resistant bond produced by partially embed-.

"ding in hot asphalt blocks heated sufiiciently to melt the asphalt adjacent to the embedded portions upon such partially embedding, and

the cement layer and said blocks having a bond produced while'both the cement layer and blocks arein a ,cold state.

1 articles composed of layers of asphaltic mor- 15 The method of manufacturing hollow' tar'and cement consisting in forming one'of such layers into tubular conformation, partially embedding in the layer so formed a layer of mineral fragmentary blocks, and

applying the other layer of material over the projecting portions of the partially embedded mineral fragmentary blocks and during such steps producinga hot bond between such mineral fragmentary blocks and the asphaltic mortar layer by heating the said fragmentary blocks.

16. The method of manufacturing hollow articles composed of layers of asphaltic Inortar and-cement consisting in forming oneof such layers into tubular conformation, partially embedding in the layer so formed a layer of mineral fragmentary blocks, applying the other layer of material over the projecting portions of the partially embedded mineral fragmentary blocks and during such steps producing a hot bond between such mineral fragmentary blocks and the asphaltic mortar layer by heating said mineral fragmentary blocks sufiiciently to melt the asphalt adjacent thereto and also during Such steps producing a cold bond between said mineral fragmentary blocks and cement layer;

'17. In a method of producing fluid-, tight pipes composed of inner asphaltic' mortar and cement, the steps forming one of such layers into tubular conformation, then simultaneously rotating the tube so formed and partially embedding therein a layer 'of mineral fragmentary blocks and then, applying a layer of the other material over such-partially embedded and outer layers of fragmentary blocks to form the completed pipe, said mineral fragmentary blocks being heated and embedded while hot in the asphalt layer. i

18. In a. method of producing fluid-tight pipes composed of inner and outer layers of asphaltic mortar and cement, the steps of forming one of such layers i'nto tubular con formation, 50 formed and partially embedding therein a la 'er of mineral fragmentary blocks-land applying a layer of the other material over sueh partially embedded fragmentary blocks to form the completed pipe,

, steps producing a hot bond between such mineral fragmentary blocks and the asphaltic mortar layer by heating said mineral fragmentary blocks sufliciently to melt the asphalt adjacent thereto. a a

19. An article of manufacture com sed or a tubular layer of asphalt and a tu ular simultaneously rotating the tubeand during-said layer of cement connected together by fra mental-y mineral blocks embedded in one layer and partially in the ot er, said blocks and said tubular asphalt layer having a strong )ressure-resistant bond' produced by embed ing in the tubular asphalt layer the said mineral fragmentar blocks in hot condition and the cement ayer and said blocks having a bond roduced while both the cement Iayerand locks are in a cold state.

LEON BILLE. I

artial y- 

